1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? Gottfried Leibniz David Hume René Descartes Plato 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? David Hume Christian Wolff Aristotle Thomas Aquinas 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “2+2=4” “Not all books are the same size.” “This table is heavy.” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? analytic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? God a circle infinity gravitation 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? By the common agreement of mathematicians. Through observation and induction. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. From the pure intuitions of time and space. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? anything that isn’t human inclination or instinct the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law organic matter like plants or trees 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because our senses are frequently in error. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Inherence Causality Community Quantity 10 What is a judgment of experience? A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A judgment based on memory. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Causal Affirmative Modal Negative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Reason Intuition Understanding Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Imagination Understanding Intuition Reason 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Imagination Understanding Reason Intuition 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the world is a confusing place. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By proving that nothing can be truly known. By proving that God exists. By positing moral obligations. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Causality Infinity Liberty God 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? The use of rigorous logic. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? There is no difference. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Take a political stand against authority. Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work.